Back to Notebook An unfinished village bell tower whose stair folds impossible space at dusk.
The Magic of Unfinished Things

The Stair That Would Not End

Roen Veck reached the top of the stair for the sixth time and found the baker's yard waiting below him.

Short Story Roen Veck A Closer's Eighth Work Story by Drew Bruce

Roen Veck reached the top of the stair for the sixth time and found the baker's yard waiting below him.

The villagers had put a rope across the lane to keep children out. It sagged between two flour barrels and a shrine-stone with its face worn smooth by weather. Someone had tied three warning rags to it. Two red. One yellow. The yellow rag meant money had been spent and the village wanted strangers to notice.

Roen put his boot on the last step again.

The yard tilted. The smell of hot rye came up through the stones. A boy on the far side of the rope stopped chewing his thumbnail and stared as Roen descended from a stair that should have led to the bell loft.

"Well?" the mayor called.

Roen did not answer at once. He counted the risers with his eye, not his feet. Seventeen visible from the lane. Twenty-one from the first landing. Thirty-two if he started from the tower door. The mason had cut them from pale fieldstone and dressed the edges with a narrow chisel. Good work, mostly. Better than the village had paid for, likely.

The problem sat in the turn.

Not sat. Roen corrected himself. Stone did not sit unless a man had put it there.

He stepped over the rope. The villagers shifted back from him, all except the mayor, who held her ground with the stiff bravery of someone who had already paid half in advance.

"Master Veck," she said. "You have been up there near an hour."

"Twelve minutes."

"It rang noon twice."

"That happens."

The mayor's mouth tightened. She was a narrow woman in a green coat patched at both elbows, with a silver chain of office polished brighter than the buttons beneath it. Her name had been on the writ. Mara? Maret? Roen waited for the shape to come back and got only the blank place where it had been.

He had closed seven works in twelve years. Small ones, mostly. A bridge that made carts arrive before they left. A cradle-song that put fathers to sleep and mothers on their feet for three days. A boundary wall in Velsa that moved one handspan east every rain.

Names went first.

"The turn between the second and third landing is false," he said. "Your mason changed his mind there."

The mayor glanced toward the tower. "Changed it how?"

"He meant to bring the stair against the north wall. Then he cut the next set for the east. Halfway through the work he went back to the first plan."

"Because he died."

"No. Before that."

One of the older men crossed himself by touching thumb to brow, throat, and breastbone. Old Calendar habit. The priest beside him pretended not to see.

The stair belonged to the unfinished bell tower of Saint Avren's, though the village had stopped using the saint's name after the Republic took the parish lands and leased them back at a better rate. Father Pell still said Saint Avren when he thought no one from the tax office was listening. Forty-three years ago, Master Dollen Parr had fallen from the second scaffold with the last six stones unlaid and the bell still on the ground. Since then, the tower stair returned climbers to whichever place in the village they least expected to be.

In summer, children used it for dares.

In winter, old women used it to avoid the hill.

In March, a groom had climbed to fetch a pigeon and come down in his former sweetheart's kitchen two hours before his wedding. The bride's father had broken his nose. The village had then discovered that jokes became less funny when they interfered with dowries.

"Can you finish it?" the mayor asked.

Roen looked at the tower.

The top six stones waited beside the yard, stacked under canvas. The old mason's mark had been scratched into each hidden face: a hooked D inside a square. Dollen Parr had expected to come back from dinner and set them before rain. He had left his mallet on the fifth landing. No one had touched it since, because even fools sometimes had correct instincts.

"Yes."

The priest breathed out too loudly.

"Today?" the mayor said.

"If no one interrupts me."

The boy by the rope stopped chewing. "What happens if they do?"

Roen looked at him.

The boy took a step behind the baker.

"They may get where they are going," Roen said. "That would be careless."

The mayor frowned as if deciding whether she had paid for reassurance and been shorted. "You said in your letter there would be conditions."

"There are always conditions."

"Name them."

Roen unbuckled the black case from his shoulder and set it on the baker's flour barrel. The villagers watched with the same hungry caution people gave knives, coffins, and tax seals. He opened the case.

Inside lay the closer's kit.

It did not look like enough to frighten anyone. A folding rule. A thumb plane. Three chisels of different cuts. A brass plumb weight. Needles. Wire. A vial of powdered lime. A narrow hammer with a face no wider than a coin. The rest changed according to the work and according to the hand reaching for it. Today the kit smelled faintly of wet mortar, though Roen had cleaned it the night before.

"No one enters the tower," he said. "No one rings the handbell. No one speaks the dead man's name once I begin."

The priest raised his chin. "It is my duty to say the rite."

"Say it now."

"The rite belongs at the ending."

"Then hire a priest to close it."

The baker made a small sound and looked at his shoes.

The mayor's chain clicked against a button as she turned. "Father Pell, you will say what is needed now."

Father Pell's thumb moved over the first knot of his prayer cord and stopped there. "The Church cannot be ordered in a matter of souls."

"No," Roen said. "But the stair can be left as it is."

That moved the villagers. Not much. A shoulder here, an eye there, a murmur that began in the back. Father Pell looked at the yellow warning rag, then at the mayor's chain, and put the cord fully into his hand.

The priest took out his prayer cord.

Roen waited through the rite. He did not listen closely. The Old Calendar had seven endings for craftsmen, and priests picked among them according to fee, weather, and the importance of the widow's family. Father Pell chose the short one. He said Dollen Parr's name while the work was still cold.

When the priest finished, Roen touched the first chisel in his kit.

"One more condition," the mayor said.

Roen did not take up the chisel.

She looked toward the baker's shop before she continued. "Dollen Parr's daughter is here. She says the stair should not be finished without her leave."

"Was she on the writ?"

"No."

"Does she own the tower?"

"No."

"Then she can watch from the rope."

"She will not like that."

"Most daughters don't."

The mayor stared at him.

Roen shut the kit.

That made the murmuring stop.

"I need to know whether the work is his," he said. "If she knows something about the cut, bring her. If she wants a ceremony, keep her away."

The Cut

The mayor studied him for a moment, then nodded toward the baker's shop.

A woman came out carrying a folio-sized parcel wrapped in oilcloth. She was sixty at least, broad through the shoulders, with mason's hands and a dress too plain for the silver pin at her throat. She had Dollen Parr's square jaw, if the small portrait in the writ had not lied.

"Master Veck," the mayor said. "Lysa Parr."

Roen nodded.

Lysa Parr did not. Her eyes went to the kit, then to the tower, then back to his hands. "You climbed it wrong."

The villagers made the pleased sound of people who had not paid for a professional to be corrected but enjoyed it anyway.

Roen opened the kit again. "How?"

"You counted from the lane."

"Everyone counts from the lane."

"My father didn't."

Roen looked at the tower.

The visible stair began at the lane door because that was where villagers entered. Masons did not care where villagers entered. A mason building a bell tower cared about load, swing, weather, and the weight of men carrying bronze.

"He counted from the bell," Roen said.

Lysa Parr's expression did not soften, but it changed use. "He said a bell tower is built downward in the head and upward by the hand."

"He say anything else?"

She lifted the oilcloth parcel. "He drew it."

Father Pell stepped forward. "Lysa."

"No," she said.

The priest stopped.

Roen held out his hand. Lysa Parr did not give him the parcel. Instead she set it on the flour barrel, untied the cord, and unfolded the oilcloth herself.

Inside was a draft sketch on thick rag paper, browned at the edges but well kept. Dollen Parr had drawn the tower in section. Roen leaned over it without touching. North wall. Bell frame. Drain line. Scaffold peg holes. Stair.

There.

The turn was not a mistake.

Roen felt the first small rearrangement in his head, like a shelf settling after a nail gave way. He did not show it. He checked the measurement twice. Parr had meant to bend the stair east, then north, then back through the wall thickness by a hidden dogleg that did not exist in the built work.

"He was making a carrying stair," Roen said.

The mayor moved closer. "For the bell?"

"For the bell and the dead."

Father Pell's face went tight.

Lysa Parr watched Roen, not the priest.

"Your graveyard is on the hill behind the church," Roen said. "Steep path. Bad clay in rain."

"Yes," the mayor said.

"Parr meant the tower stair to open at the upper ground on funeral days. Coffin up through the tower. Bearers out behind the bell."

The villagers went quiet in a new way.

Roen read the sketch again. There were tiny crosses marked along the hidden dogleg, not religious marks. Load marks. Places where men would shift grip in a narrow turn while carrying weight shoulder-high.

"He was not building a trick stair," Roen said. "He was sparing someone the hill."

Lysa Parr's mouth trembled once. She pressed it flat.

Father Pell said, "That was never approved."

"No," Roen said.

"There is no parish order for that change."

"Probably why he hid the turn."

"Then the authorised work is the simpler stair."

Roen folded his rule open with his thumb. "Did the parish pay for the simpler stair?"

The mayor looked toward Lysa Parr. Lysa Parr kept her eyes on Roen.

"The Crown paid for the tower," Father Pell said. "Before the Republic. The Church administered the grant."

"That was not my question."

The priest's ears coloured.

Roen could see the answer in the stone now. Too much care in the concealed side of the fifth landing. Too much unnecessary strength under the eastern wall. Parr had worked beyond the paid plan and hidden the difference where only another mason would find it.

"Who had trouble walking?" Roen asked Lysa.

She closed her eyes.

The mayor said softly, "Her mother."

Lysa opened her eyes again. "My mother carried three sons to that hill. One in winter. She fell twice in the clay with Hal in the box. Father said the fourth would go dry."

"Was there a fourth?"

"No."

Roen looked at the six waiting stones under canvas.

He had arrived to finish a stair. The village writ described a nuisance, a hazard, a public inconvenience. The old sketch changed the work. Changed the hand he had to follow.

The obvious solution was easy. Lay the six stones as the parish plan showed. Close the stair as a tower stair. The wrong turn would harden into a useful lie, and the village would stop losing people into kitchens and yards.

It would probably hold for a year.

Then the built stone would remember what the cut stone already knew.

"I need lime," Roen said. "Clean sand. Water that hasn't been blessed. Two men who can lift and one woman who won't talk unless I ask her a question."

The baker pointed at Lysa Parr. "She talks less than any of us."

"I was thinking of her."

Lysa gave the baker a look that charged interest.

The mayor said, "The fee?"

"Changed."

"Up?"

"Yes."

"By how much?"

Roen told her.

The mayor laughed once, without joy.

Roen began packing the sketch back into its oilcloth.

"Wait," she said.

He waited.

She looked at the tower, the rope, the yellow warning rag, the priest, the baker, Lysa Parr's hands. "If we pay, it stays ended?"

"If I read him correctly."

"And if you don't?"

"Then you will need a better Closer."

The mayor took the silver chain from her neck and handed it to the baker. "Run to Wetham's and pawn this against the village seal. Tell him if he argues, his youngest can take the stair to school tomorrow."

The baker went.

Roen lifted the kit and ducked under the rope.

Lysa Parr followed him.

"No," Father Pell said.

Roen did not stop.

"She is not sanctioned."

"Neither was the turn."

A closer's kit open beside red and yellow warning rags in a village yard.
The kit changed according to the work and the hand reaching for it.
A chisel and closer's kit inside the impossible stair of an unfinished bell tower.
"The turn was not a mistake."

The tower door had swollen with damp. Roen shouldered it open and smelled dust, lime, old bird mess, and the faint copper taste of stored chance. The lower stair curved up through tight stone. Someone had swept recently, badly. Offerings had been left on the first landing: a child's ribbon, a heel of bread gone hard, three copper bits, a clay pipe.

"People feed it?" Roen asked.

Lysa Parr snorted. "People feed anything if it scares them and stays still."

"Does it?"

"Scare them or stay still?"

"Either."

"Both, until March."

Roen climbed.

This time he counted from the bell that had never been hung. Not seventeen from the lane. Not twenty-one from the first landing. He held the weight in his mind as if four men were carrying bronze above him, boots careful, shoulders braced, one man too short on the rear left corner. The stair changed under that reading. Not visibly. It was stone, not theatre. But the third riser after the second landing took his foot more cleanly, and the wall at his shoulder no longer seemed too close.

Lysa noticed. Her breath caught behind him.

"Don't name him," Roen said.

"I know."

"Knowing and doing are cousins. They quarrel."

"Do you always talk like a door hinge?"

"Only on paid work."

At the fifth landing, the old mallet lay where Parr had left it. Ash handle. Iron head. One side had mushroomed from years of striking too hard against a chisel not meant for rough work.

Roen crouched.

The temptation was to pick it up. The dead man's own tool made a pretty story. Pretty stories got Closers killed.

He studied the dust around it. Mouse prints. Beetle tracks. A dry drip where rain came through from the unroofed top. No human mark.

"Did he use that for the whole stair?" he asked.

"No," Lysa said. "That was his home mallet. For hearth work. Door work. Small repairs."

"Why bring it here?"

She did not answer.

Roen looked back.

Lysa had both hands on the wall. Her thumbs were pressed flat against the stone.

"He left home angry," she said.

"At who?"

"Me."

Roen waited.

Below, the villagers had begun moving sand and water. Their voices came up through the tower as fragments. Bucket. Not that one. Mind the rope. The bell, still on the ground outside, gave off a dull note when someone bumped it.

"I was seventeen," Lysa said. "I told him no one wanted his secret stair. I told him Mother would rather have him home for supper than up here hiding charity in parish stone."

Roen looked at the mallet again.

"He came back for a smaller tool," he said.

"He came back to say he was right."

"Was he?"

Lysa swallowed. "About the stair."

Roen stood. "Then we use his kit."

"What was it for?"

"This part."

He left the mallet on the landing and climbed to the break.

The unlaid stones waited in the open weather. From the top of the tower, the village showed its whole cheap logic: baker near the well, priest near the road, mayor's house higher than both, graveyard on the clay hill where every winter track cut sideways before it climbed. Beyond the fields, the road bent toward Caer Veris and the sea. Roen could not see the capital from here. He knew where it was by the taste of coal in the wind and the way all roads eventually became more expensive.

The bell sat below in its timber cradle. It had greened at the lip. A name had been cast into it, but distance and verdigris blurred the letters.

The final six stones were hauled up by rope and temper. Roen rejected two buckets of sand and one of water. He sent a boy running for sharper sand from the stream cut. He made Father Pell stand beyond the rope and say nothing. The priest held the loose end of his prayer cord so tightly the knots whitened under his thumb.

By late afternoon, the mortar was right.

Roen set the first stone.

A closing did not begin at the end. That was the part clients misunderstood. The final stroke released the work, but the work began obeying before that if the Closer had read it properly. Or disobeying if he had not.

Once it began to obey, it reached first for the places tied hardest to its maker's purpose. A wrong turn. A missing tool. A room where a decision had been left under stone.

The first stone accepted the bed.

The second rocked.

Roen lifted it, scraped the mortar, and checked the hidden face. Parr's mark sat half an inch off centre. Deliberate. Roen turned the stone, not according to parish draft, but according to the coffin turn. It settled.

Below, someone gasped.

"Quiet," Lysa said.

Roen almost smiled.

The third stone was worse. It wanted the old lie. The tower pulled the visible stair toward the lane plan, toward the simpler finish, toward the version priests and mayors understood. Roen felt it through his fingertips as a pressure against the chisel. Not magic like light or thunder. Nothing so useful. More like correcting another craftsman's mistake with the parish copy open beside him.

He cut the underside by three grains.

Too much.

He swore under his breath, lifted the stone again, packed the bed, and changed the angle of the fourth instead.

Sweat ran into his eye. He blinked it clear. The sun had lowered enough to put the hill graves in bright light and the village in shade. Bad timing. If he lost the light before the sixth stone, they would have to bring lamps, and lamplight near an Unfinished often lied.

"Water," he said.

Lysa passed the cup.

He drank once and handed it back. "Your father's left thumb. Was it stiff?"

She stared.

"Was it?"

"After the millstone accident. Yes."

"Which joint?"

She bent her own thumb, showing him.

That explained the chisel marks. Parr had compensated with wrist, not grip. Roen shifted his hold and used the narrow chisel badly on purpose. The fourth stone took the cut.

The tower answered.

Every stair beneath them gave one soft sound. Stone on stone, settling through old work. The villagers below cried out. Roen did not look down.

"Good?" Lysa asked.

"Maybe."

"You charge that much for maybe?"

"I charge that much for saying it before the fall."

The fifth stone went in clean.

Only the last remained.

It was smaller than the others, a wedge at the hidden shoulder of the turn. No one from the lane would ever see it. No funeral bearer would know it existed unless the stair worked wrongly and killed him. Parr had marked this stone twice: the hooked D inside a square, and beside it, four tiny strokes.

Not letters. Not numbers. Grip marks, where a bearer's hand would fall in the turn.

Four of them.

Roen counted again because the count was wrong. Three sons had gone up the clay hill. Hal in the winter box. The stone was cut for four.

Roen rubbed mortar between thumb and forefinger. It had begun to tighten. He had minutes.

"Lysa."

"Yes."

"Did your father know your mother was carrying again?"

She went still.

"Who told you?" she asked.

"The stone. It counts a son you never buried."

"No one knew."

"He did. He cut the grip before there was a hand for it."

"No."

Roen looked at the hidden wedge, the four marks, and the turn made for a coffin that had not yet existed.

Lysa Parr put one hand on the unfinished parapet. The drop beyond it was thirty feet to the baker's yard and a lifetime to the old argument.

"He couldn't have," she said.

Roen fitted the wedge to the gap again and let the bad join speak for him.

A lifted cottage hearthstone revealing a hidden stair stone wrapped in a child's blanket.
The seventh stone waited where the house had kept it.

The stair pulled under his boots.

He felt the village tilt. The top of the tower leaned toward the yard, then toward the grave hill, then toward some kitchen with a banked hearth and a loose stone underfoot.

Roen set the final stone dry to test the fit.

It did not fit.

Of course it did not.

The parish plan wanted six stones. Parr's hidden plan wanted seven. The seventh was not in the stack.

Roen looked at the parapet. At the old mallet on the landing below. At Lysa Parr's thumbs, flattened white against stone.

"He left one at home," Roen said.

Lysa's face had gone grey.

"No," she said, but she was already moving.

They found it under her hearth.

The stair took them there in three steps. It had been reaching for the cottage all afternoon; now it had stopped pretending otherwise.

Roen had expected the lurch and braced against it. Lysa did not. He caught her by the sleeve before she struck the mantel. They stood in a low cottage room that smelled of banked ash, lavender, and cold iron. A black kettle hung over the coals. The hearthstone had been lifted at one corner and replaced badly long ago.

Lysa tore at it with both hands.

"Stop," Roen said.

She did not.

He caught her wrist.

She looked ready to strike him.

"If you break the edge, it may not close."

She sat back on her heels, breathing hard.

Roen took the thumb plane from his kit. It had become a mason's pick in his hand, small and fine-headed. He worked the mortar around the hearthstone until the slab lifted clean.

The seventh stair stone lay beneath, wrapped in a child's blanket eaten thin by moths.

Lysa touched the blanket with two fingers.

"I thought he took it to the tower," she said.

"He took six."

"Why leave this?"

Roen lifted the stone. Parr's mark was on one side. On the other he had cut a rough little bell, no bigger than a thumbnail. The kind a man might ring over a cradle, not a coffin.

"Because if your mother lived," he said, "he did not need the funeral turn."

Lysa made no sound.

Outside the cottage window, villagers ran past in panic, then stopped when they saw Roen and Lysa inside. The mayor reached the door first.

"How did you get here?"

"Stair," Roen said.

"Is that bad?"

"It is impatient."

He carried the seventh stone back himself.

The stair did not return him to the tower. It tried the baker's yard, the cottage, the grave hill, the lane before the church. Roen kept the bell in his head and the coffin on four shoulders and the mason's stiff left thumb in his hand. On the fifth try, he came out at the broken top with Lysa Parr behind him and the whole village watching from below.

The sun had reached the horizon.

No time for lamps.

Roen laid mortar in the hidden gap. The seventh stone went where no parish plan admitted it belonged. The final wedge followed. He took the old home mallet from Lysa and weighed it once in his palm. Hearth work. Door work. Small repairs.

He set his chisel to the last joint.

"Name?" he asked.

Lysa looked down through the unfinished tower, toward the hill path.

"Tarin," she said. "They would have named him Tarin."

Roen cut one small T into the wet mortar where no one would see it unless they carried a coffin through the wall.

Then he struck the final line smooth.

The release ran downward.

No light. No thunder. The stair simply chose one set of distances and kept them. The tower's stones eased against one another from parapet to foundation. The bell below sounded once without being touched, low and cracked and honest. Dust fell through the stairwell in a pale thread.

Roen's right hand went numb.

He closed his fingers before anyone saw. Thumb. First finger. Second. Third. Small finger late. He reached for Lysa's name to steady himself and found a white patch. Tried the mayor. Nothing. The baker. Nothing. The map in his head kept the road, the hill, the tower, the cottage with the lifted hearth. It gave him no word for the place, and no word for the woman standing in it.

Eighth closing.

The mason's daughter stood beside the finished turn with one hand over her mouth. Then she lowered it. She did not thank him. That was better than thanking him.

"It goes to the hill now?" she asked.

"On funeral days."

"How does it know?"

Roen packed the kit slowly, waiting for feeling to return to his hand. "Bells know funerals."

"Do they?"

"This one will."

They descended by the stair.

It brought them to the lane door in the ordinary way. Seventeen visible risers. Twenty-one from the first landing. More, if a coffin needed the hill.

The villagers did not cheer. They made room, which was wiser.

The mayor came forward with a purse and her chain back around her neck. Roen looked at the chain first. Safer than faces. Faces expected to be known.

"Lysa," the mayor said, plain as any name. "Stand with me."

The word reached Roen and found no door. A woman by the stair, yes. Mason's hands. Her father's jaw. The stiff thumb, the seventh stone, the rough little bell. Only the name had gone from his memory.

He nodded as if it had landed.

"Master Veck," she said. "The village is in your debt."

"No. You paid."

"The rest of the fee will be ready by morning."

"Tonight."

Her expression sharpened.

Roen flexed his right hand once. The small finger answered properly now. "By morning someone will decide the cheaper stair would have done."

The mayor considered that, then nodded. "Tonight."

Father Pell waited until the purse changed hands. "You cut an unborn child's name into parish stone."

"Initial."

"That is not the point."

"It was to the stone."

Father Pell looked up at the tower. The bell did not ring for him.

For a while after that, the village did the ordinary things badly.

The baker burned the heel of a loaf and served it anyway. Marra counted the purse twice and forgot what number she had reached. The mason's daughter went to the tower door once, touched the newel with two fingers, and came back without climbing. No one asked her what she had felt under her hand.

A rider arrived after dark.

Roen had eaten half a bowl of stew in the baker's kitchen and remembered the baker's name on the third try. Iren. The mayor's came back with the second cup of small beer. Marra, two r's. He wrote both names in his notebook. Then he turned to the day's page and left one line empty beneath them, because he knew a name belonged there and could not put his hand to it. The page already held too many names in the same small, practical hand.

The rider wore Republic blue under road dust and carried a sealed tube stamped with the Office sunburst. She looked at the villagers first, then the priest, then Roen. People always found the kit before they found the man.

"Roen Veck?"

He held out his hand.

The rider gave him the tube. "Office of the Republic. Immediate summons to Caer Veris."

"I'm eating."

"The order says immediate."

"Orders often do."

The rider's mouth twitched, then steadied. "There is a commission."

Roen broke the seal with his thumb. Inside was thick paper, expensive, folded twice. He read the first line. Then the second.

The Crowncourt Spire.

For a moment the kitchen seemed to take one careful step away from him. Not far. Just enough to show its edges. Hearth. table. bowl. spoon. The mason's daughter's seventh stone dust still under his nails. His right hand aching where the closing had entered.

Seven closings behind him when he woke. Eight now. The paper in his coat was the ninth beginning to choose its shape.

The Spire had waited two hundred and forty years. He had seen drawings. Every Closer had. An unfinished cathedral in the capital's heart, except no one with eyes believed it was only a cathedral. Largest civilian closing of the century, if the Office had finally found its alignment. Retirement-tier fee. Career-ending scope if mishandled.

Maybe career-ending if handled well.

Roen folded the paper.

The mason's daughter watched him from beside the hearth. "Bad stair?"

"Large one."

"Can you finish it?"

Roen put the summons in his coat.

Outside, the bell of Saint Avren's rang a second time. No one had touched it. The grave hill stood black against the last of the west, and the new hidden turn inside the tower held its place in the dark.

"Probably," he said.

Then he finished his stew before it cooled.

"The stair simply chose one set of distances and kept them."
Dust falls through a bell tower stairwell as the old stone stair settles into true geometry.
A sealed Republic summons beside stew and a closer's kit, with a distant city spire beyond the window.

The work is finished. The count is not.

This short story is a first look into The Magic of Unfinished Things, a fantasy series about dangerous abandoned works, professional craft, and the people paid to finish what should never have been left undone.